Soil erosion studies in northern ethiopia springerlink. The magnitude of erosional impacts on ecosystem productivity and food security is, however, complex, variable, and soil specific. For example, the eroded nutrients and sediments travel to areas at. Soil is the most fundamental and basic natural resource for all life to survive.
Soil erosion on unprotected roadside slopes generates significant soil loss during storm events. Farmers perception on the role of vetiver grass in soil and water. Geologic erosion is a normal process of weathering that generally occurs at low rates in all soils. Soil erosion is a gradual process that occurs when the actions of water, wind, and other factors eat away and wear down the land, causing the soil to deteriorate or disappear completely.
Deforestation and land degradation on the ethiopian highlands. It is the fairly uniform removal of soil in thin layers from the land surface, often scarcely perceptible, especially when caused by wind. Runoff washes away the soil particles from sloping and bare lands while wind blows away loose and detached soil particles from flat and unprotected lands. Addis ababa university school of graduate studies masters. A strategy for physical recovery badege bishaw oregon state university, usa abstract deforestation, accelerated soil erosion, and land degradation are serious problems in ethiopia. This has been the cause of reduced agricultural productivity per unit area and high costs of production due to the rehabilitation of farmlands. Therefore, this doctoral thesis investigated the effects of soil erosion, both onsite in. Multiple implications of soil erosion and conservation. The main factors affecting the amount of soil erosion include vegetation cover, topography, soil, and climate.
Effectiveness of selected erosion control covers during. When soil erosion is severe, soil erodes faster than it can be renewed. Soil erosion analysis of watersheds in series a thesis presented to. Generally, rates of soil formation are very low, with profiles developing at a rate of about 1 cm every 100400 years. To place the investigation into a broader context, the. Water and wind erosion are two main agents that degrade soils. Soil erosion thesis proposal writing an mba dissertation. Erosion preceded by the destruction of the crumb structure due to the impact of falling raindrop on the surface of soil is termed as splash erosion. Estimation of soil erosion using remote sensing and gis. For more than eights years, our masters scholars on topics related to soil erosion have aided masters learners, college attendees, and doctorallevel scholars worldwide by providing the most comprehensive research assistance on the internet for soil. But did you know that soil erosion also can seriously impair crop productivity. The economic implication of soil erosion is more serious in developing countries because of lack of capacity to cope with it and also to replace lost nutrients. Soil and water conservation 265 life on this planet, as the so il is an essential resource to suppor t plants for producing food, and to provide shelter to insects and animals. Estimating spatial patterns of soil erosion and deposition in the.
Thesis paper on farmers perception on the role of vg for swc. There are many factors which influence the process of soil erosion. I would like to acknowledge the support of adet agricultural research center aarc. Soil erosion is the process by which soil primary particles and aggregates are removed and lost from their point of origin by wind or water, or even mass wasting from gravitational forces troeh et al.
Erosion processes and soil conservation technology soil erosion takes place when particles of soil are detached and then transported to a different place. Land use and soil erosion controlling fac tors including rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, slope length, slope steepness, biological practice. Infiltration of water and its effects on soil erosion. The purpose of this study was to use computer analysis of soil and rainfall data to predict the possible occurrence of soil erosion in central tunisia. The potential for erosion of a specific soil type largely.
The agents for this detachme nt and transportation are wind and water. Soil erosion affects a large part of the earth surface, and accelerated soil erosion is recognized as one of the main soil threats, compromising soil productive and protective functions. Soil erosion is a great global concern as it leads to loss of topsoil and plant nutrients depletion wri, 1996. The imha reservoir was affected by sedimentladen density currents during.
Soil erosion is a process of detachment and transportation of soil by natural agencies of water and wind. Thesis on soil erosion pdf download thesis on soil erosion pdf. Soil erosion occurs when soil is removed through the action of wind and water at a greater rate than it is formed soil the soil covering the surface of the earth has taken millions of years to form and we must learn to respect it. Soil erosion is a major environmental issue because it can lead to water pollution. To overcome these problems, efforts have been made to launch afforestation and conservation. Thesis soil erosion and transport of archaeological sites.
The offside effects of soil erosion are coupled to the different onside effects. Thus, the thesis aims to quantify parameters related to soil erosion as one aspect of land degradation. The process may be natural or accelerated by human activity. Soil erosion is one of the biggest global environmental problems resulting in both onsite and offsite effects. Water erosion commonly occurs in the form of rain, entrainment and channeling, and flooding. Description of land cover categories for change detection between 197172. Soil physical properties in relation to soil degradation rates in the. Soil erosion reduces cropland productivity and contributes to the pollution of adjacent watercourses, wetlands and lakes. This thesis investigates the relationship of potential soil erosion and sediment. In this study, the diverse factors that cause soil erosion are evaluated. Soil erosion contributes to siltation of reservoirs, rivers and irrigation channels.
For most areas of iowa, the loss of 1 inch per acre of. Accelerated soil erosion is among principal causes of the decrease in soil productivity and increase in risks of global food insecurity fig. Readers should send their comments on this paper to. Relation between soil erosion and sediment yield in. Working with 9patch nine patch images in android earlier this year we had a lovely visit from some local bloggers who wrote up our story. Soil erosion is the physical wearing of the earths surface by the action of water or wind. All of these practices depend on soil type, soil texture, and slope as well as on the crops that are grown. Deforestation and land degradation on the ethiopian. Cropping systems that include hay or sod crops reduce erosion by providing protective soil cover, compared to. The removal of topsoil by the natural forces is known as soil erosion. Geological soil erosion happens at the same rate as soil is formed. Natural erosion has sculptured landforms on the uplands and built landforms on the lowlands.
Numerous work and research have been undertaken on erosion of soils for many decades. Thesis soil erosion and transport of archaeological sites and artifacts on a small watershed in northern new mexico submitted by shannon chauncey smith department of anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts colorado. This thesis reports an investigation of soil erosion problems associated with maize cultivation in england. Soil compaction, low organic matter, loss of soil structure, poor internal. A thesis submitted to the school of graduate studies of addis. Proper surface protection to reduce erosion is promoted by water protection agencies including the united states environmental protection agency usepa and the united states department of agriculture usda. The soil erosion is the most serious environmental problem in watershed areas in turkey. Most agriculture activities, especially on sloping landscapes, increase the potential for soil erosion. Various agents, like wind, water, deforestation, overgrazing by cattle, etc.
In illinois, the greatest concern for soil degradation is erosion caused by water. Soil erosion is a naturally occurring process on all landforms. Soil erosion is a major environmental and agricultural problem facing human beings blanco and lal, 2008, hurni, 1988, world economic forum, 2010. Pdf on jan 1, 2003, a gobin and others published assessment and reporting on soil erosion find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The fieldwork for this research was carried out in adet woreda, ethiopia. Soil erosion soil erosion is the detachment and movement of soil material. Soil erosion and deforestation are the main forms of land degradation responsible for the decline in land productivity in turn reducing income of farm households in ethiopia.
Depending on the local landscape and weather conditions, erosion may be very slow or very rapid. Pdf assessment and reporting on soil erosion researchgate. During rain events, erosivity has a positive correlation with rain drop size as well as the duration and intensity of a rain event. Soil erosion is the process that erodes, breaks or gradually diminishes things down. The land management in areas affected by soil erosion is a relevant issue for landscape and ecosystems preservation. Composition of livestock in highlands and lowlands of ethiopia 25 4. Manure application reduces soil erosion by improving infiltration rates and structural stability. The study of soil erosion is therefore normally divi ded into water erosi on and wind erosion and. This process causes negative impacts to agricultural activities such as production loss, nutrient loss, flooding and sedimentation. Addis ababa university school of graduate studies masters thesis determinants of food insecurity in rural households in. A hierarchical method for soil erosion assessment and spatial risk modelling. Free download ebooks measurable things that point to the quality being better. Soil deterioration and low quality of water due to erosion and run off has often become a severe problem around the world.
A thesis submitted to the university of birmingham for the degree of. Using the remote sensing and gis technology for erosion. The process of erosion usually takes place on the surface of soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the earths crust and with the help of the wind or water flow, it gets to settle down at another location. Factors influencing the adoption of soil and water. A thesis presented to the faculty of the graduate school of cornell university in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of. A by the national soil erosion soil productivity research planning committee, science and education administration ag ricu i t ural research ccurate estimates of future soil a productivity are essential to make agricultural policy decisions and to plan the use of land from the field scale to. Soil conservation encyclopedia of life support systems. In the last 40 years, nearly one third of the world arable land was lost by soil erosion and continues to be lost at the rate of more than 10 million hectares per year assefa, 2007, molden et al. Factors affecting adoption of soil and water conservation. It has also deteriorated the water quality and caused negative effects on the aquatic ecosystem. Soil erosion do you need help with a dissertation, a doctoral thesis, or a ph. It has been occurring for some 450 million years, since the first land plants formed the first soil. Soil erosion occurs when the rate of removal of soil by water andor wind exceeds the rate of soil formation.
The top layer of soil is very light which is easily carried away by wind and water. The extent of damage associated with soil erosion is analyzed, with emphasis on the impact these may have on future human food security as well as the natural environment. Soil erosion and sediment yield in tropical mountainous. Due to soil erosion, the soil becomes less fertile. A soil erosion model was developed to integrate ndvi and land slope for estimating the annual soil erosion rate. Precipitation is the most forceful factor causing erosion.
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