Cracking molecules and plastics chemistry gcse ask will. The separate science or higher tier only content is also clearly labelled, meaning that the slideshows can easily be adapted for double science and lower ability groups as well. This website and its content is subject to our terms and conditions. Your students can be examready with this fantastic resource. Cracking molecules and plastics chemistry gcse ask. Alkenes will react with bromine water and turn it from orangebrown to. Gcse polymerisation revise reaction of monomer molecules.
They are made of small building blocks called monomers. Cracking oil fractions reaction conditions products equations. Organic chemistry from the combined science aqa gcse chemistry specification. Carbohydrates are important sources of energy for many living organisms and their formation in plants via. We also look at alkenes and how we test for alkenes using bromine water. In this video, we look at how cracking is used to convert longchain hydrocarbons into shorterchain hydrocarbons. Igcse organic chemistry solutions, examples, worksheets, videos. Cracking and polymerization video teaching resources. Polymers are long chain molecules that occur naturally in living things and can also be made by chemical processes in industry.
Aqa home work and life skills level 2 from functional skills to gcse and alevel, aqa it and computer science helps develop students interest in the subject and their analytical and critical thinking skills. In condensation polymerisation, a small molecule is formed as a byproduct each time a bond is formed between two monomers. This is because alkanes are saturated whereas alkenes are unsaturated which means that they can carry out addition reactions, required for polymerisation. Petrochemicals and polymers, petroleum, alternative fuels and energy sources, addition polymerisation, condensation polymerisation. Remember, dont rely on remembering them in the order they appear below as this will not be like an exam. The process is known as catalytic cracking because it only happens in the presence of a catalyst substance which speeds up the reaction without being used up itself. Meet donal who is just one of our firstclass biology tutors. Revise and summarise the key information for unit 7. Each polymer molecule is a long chain of mainly carbon atoms polymers are made from many smaller molecules, called monomers. Cracking oil and cracking gcse chemistry single science. You also know from part 6 that a carboxylic acid and an amine can form an amide linkage, jand a carboxylic acid and an. In addition polymerisation the monomers have at least one double bond between carbon atoms. Cracking hydrocarbons edexcel gcse chemistry revision notes.
Organic chemistry hydrocarbons and crude oil alkanes fractional distillation properties of hydrocarbons cracking alkenes reaction of alkenes alcohols carboxylic acid addition polymerization condensation polymerization amino acids dna. Hydrocarbon are the compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen only. Modelling extension activities suggested for kinaesthetic learners. In cracking you always make and alkene and an alkanethermal crackingthis is where we use heat to crack a molecule.
They have strong attractions towards each other and so they have a high melting and boiling point. Water or other liquids may be added to dissipate the heat of reaction as the polymerization reaction is highly exothermic. This type of polymerisation is called addition polymerisation. Gcse chemistry definitions when learning definitions i find it easier to move around and say them to yourself. Addition polymerisation involves addition reactions in which a large number of small molecules monomers join together to form very large molecules polymers. Gcse chemistry revision science section looking at plastics, polymers, polymerisation and alkenes skip to main content. Polymers are macromolecules due to their very large sizes and high molecular masses. These free electrons allow metal ions to slide across each. Tes global ltd is registered in england company no 02017289 with its registered office at 26 red lion square london wc1r 4hq. Home about inspector calls gcseigcse search take a break motivation you are here. Gcse science chemistry 91 crude oil and hydrocarbons. Part 1 is where students make ethene then link to make polythene using molymods. Polymerization definition is a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combine to form larger molecules that contain repeating structural units. Why ionic compound does has high melting and boiling point.
Alkenes are reactive and so are useful for making many other substances including polymers polymers have very large molecules. It attempts to look at the way biology affects your everyday life and how you can evaluate the scientific material that you come across in newspapers, magazines and on the television. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes. Online gcses and igcses, english, mathematics, biology. Common igcse chemistry exam questions with answers igcse. This organic chemistry note for igcse chemistry covers the three major homologous series alkane, alkene, and alcohols. Cracking meaning types of cracking organic chemistry. What is organic chemistry, homologous series, what are alkanes, what are isomers, properties of alkanes, cracking hydrocarbons, what are alkenes, isomers in alkenes, what are alcohols. A monomer is a small reactive molecule that can be joined with other monomers to form long chains. There are two types of polymerization, addition polymerization, and condensation polymerization. There is a greater demand for smaller hydrocarbons than larger ones. This page contains powerpoints for the new aqa 2016 gcse course. I worked at the natural history museum on insect taxonomy and the commonwealth institute for biological control where i studied the control of insect and plant pests using natural enemies. Gcse chemistry revision science section covering cracking and its products, hydrocarbons, catalyst, thermal decomposition, alkanes, single and double covalent bonds, and cracking paraffin.
Polymerisation is the name given to the reaction that produces polymers. Best igcse organic chemistry notes complete breakdown. This summarises the key topics for the organic chemistry unit, including crude oil, the structure of alkanes, fractional distillation, properties of hydrocarbons, cracking, alkenes and polymerization. Production of hdpe by coordination polymerization requires. Polymers are large molecules made up of lots of repeating units called monomers. The ethene ethylene monomer is fed with a paraffin or cycloparaffin diluent diluting agent. Cracking is the term when a long unuseful molecule like bitumen are broken down into short more useful molecules like petrol. Condensation polymers polymers gcse chemistry single. In chemistry, it is a process of breaking down large alkane into simpler alkenes and alkanes. Edexcel igcse chemistry crude oil expert guidance by. Chemistry revision notes on the topic cracking hydrocarbons. After polymerization the polymer polythene is recovered by cooling or by solvent evaporation.
Natural polymer molecules carbohydrates sugars starch glucose. Organic chemistry is the study of compounds based on hydrocarbons and their derivatives. In petroleum refining, this process is used in the production of petrol, diesel, and gasoline. Natural polymer molecules carbohydrates sugars starch. The variety of life, both past and present, is extensive, but the biochemical basis of life is similar for all living things. One of the topics covered in gcse chemistry is polymerisation. Some polymers are made via condensation polymerisation. Structure of polymers thermosoftening thermosetting.
Human biology igcse course distance learning centre. The entire triple science course is covered in these slideshows. Carbohydrates sugars natural polymers starch and dna. These long chain molecules can be made up from tens of thousands of monomers joined together. Polymers are large molecules that are made up of many. Addition polymers triple condensation polymers triple amino acids triple dna triple. Cracking of hydrocarbons is illustrated in the below diagram. The human biology igcse course is designed to develop a positive attitude to human biology in the twentyfirst century.
Designed by expert teachers for the edexcel gcse 91 chemistry syllabus. They are formed when many small molecules join together. A level maths revision a level biology revision a level chemistry. Gcse science chemistry 91 triple condensation polymers. Think of the various materials youve used in the last day. The monomer molecules may be all alike, or they may represent two, three, or more different compounds. Polymers are long chained molecules formed by joining together many small reactive molecules called monomers mono and mer, meaning one part polymers are macromolecules due to their very large sizes and high molecular masses.
Written by teachers for the edexcel igcse chemistry course. Did you use a plastic bottle, a plastic bag, a blanket, a toy, a basketball, a toothbrush, a lunch box, a rope. Polymerization, any process in which relatively small molecules, called monomers, combine chemically to produce a very large chainlike or network molecule, called a polymer. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes aqa.
Explaining the new gcse grades moving from ag to find out from aqa what to expect on exam day how to prepare and what to bring. Doc browns gcse, igcse, o level and ks4 sciencechemistry revision notes on oil, useful products, environmental problems, introduction to organic chemistry. The components of the crude oil are important and the crude oil is separated by the process of fractional distillation. Polymerisation happens when monomers react to form long chain polymer molecules.
C1 alkenes, cracking and polymers flashcards in gcse. The word polymer is derived from the latin words poly, meaning many, and mer meaning parts. What is a polymer polymers are very large molecules sometimes called macromolecules. Each polymer molecule is a long chain of mainly carbon atoms. Polymerization definition of polymerization by merriam. Gcse chemistry revision worksheets on organic chemistry and crude oilcan be accessed via this dedicated page. Cracking is used to convert long alkanes into shorter, more useful hydrocarbons. Home gcse study tools chemistry c1 alkenes, cracking and polymers. Chemsitry polymerisation flashcards in gcse chemistry. Get your free gcse biology revision notes on microscopy these colourful sketchnotes are a sample of doctor me clevers guide to edexcel 91 gcse biology topic 1 key concepts in biology. Metallic bonding is the sharing of delocalized electrons a metallic lattice the structure of metals. Gcse 91 sciences syllabusspecification help links for biology chemistry. These colourful sketchnotes are a sample of doctor me clevers guide to edexcel get your free gcse biology revision notes on subcellular structures. Cracking edexcel igcse chemistry notes save my exams.
Explain, in terms of its structure and bonding, why magnesium oxide has a very high melting point. Its written by teachers especially to help year 10 and year 11 students revise. This process is called polymerisation when alkenes join together to form a polymer with no other substance being produced in the reaction, the process is called addition polymerisation. To familiarise you with it, weve created this interactive quiz. Igcse organic chemistry solutions, examples, worksheets. Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation. I blog according to the 2009 specification, so its exact and will get you through. Polymers igcse chemistry solutions, examples, worksheets. In petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby. They are studied entirely online and can be started at any time during the year and generally take 9 months to complete.
Crude oil it is a black thick liquid which takes millions of years to form. Gcse chemistry polymers all links to revision topics. Its a process studied in gcse chemistry, so you need to understand it. Youll see that our gcse chemistry, along with biology and physics, is a clear straightforward specification. The big hydrocarbon molecules in gas oil, for example, can be broken down into smaller ones needed for petrol. Tes global ltd is registered in england company no 02017289 with its registered office. You know that monomers that are joined by condensation polymerization have two functional groups. My lifelong fascination with biology has led to a varied and interesting career. Gcse chemistry revision organic chemistry crude oil. This is achieved by using high pressures and temperatures without a catalyst, or lower temperatures and pressures in the presence of a catalyst. All of my tutors were also very helpful and gave me some really good tips on how to improve my work. Organic molecules can combine, swap atoms, break apart and even make more of themselves. Gcse biology edexcel topic 1 key concepts in biology ebook doctor me clever get your free gcse biology revision notes on subcellular structures.
Condensation polymerization materials world modules. These monomers the starting materials are often alkenes the process chemical reaction that turns monomers into polymers. More lessons for igcse chemistry math worksheets a series of free igcse chemistry lessons cambridge igcse chemistry. Polymerisation of amino acids revision science gcse. The starter is a dingbat that is shown whilst students listen to music to help them.
In industry they use silica silicon oxide or alumina aluminium oxide. The main office at nec have always been very quick to pick up the phone and very helpful. Useful comparison tables which can be supplied as handouts. Plastics are polymers, so polymers can be extremely useful. C1 alkenes, cracking and polymers flashcards in gcse chemistry. Their general formula, physical and chemical properties. Some are common sense but make sure to test yourself afterward as at least 10 marks in every test will go to definitions. You need to know about alkanes, alkenes, crude oil and the process of cracking. In this lesson, we will explore several organic reactions. Cracking is the name given to breaking up large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller and more useful bits. Lesson slides to teach aqa properties of polymers aqa 2. Polymerisation is the reaction of monomer molecules to form long chain polymer molecules.
Polymers are long chained molecules formed by joining together many small reactive molecules called monomers mono and mer, meaning one part. See current entries and add your own how and why to enter grow your grades. Details about online gcses in english, mathematics, biology, chemistry, physics and double science we offer gcses in maths, english and the sciences. The names of each polymer are linked to the names of the monomers. Hydrocarbons can be broken down cracked to produce smaller. Classification and molecular structure of carbohydrates e. The metals give up and share their outer shell of electrons to gain a full shell themselves. Ethene becomes polyethene, often known as polythene.
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